DRYING OF THE WOOD.

The meaning of the drying of the wood.
 
The wood needs to be drained because if not dried properly, then first in discharging the wood dries and often occur unwanted defects like cracks, broken,curved etc.
The benefits of drying.
1. Reduce weight in transport.
2. Prevent attacks Boletus.
3. Do not shrink in usage.
4. The nature of gluing the better.
5. dry wood is physically stronger.
6. Connection that uses metal bolts or nails stronger.
7. Reduce electrical conductivity and heat.
8. better finishing Result.
9. Preparation for preserving wood.

Wood drying techniques.
1, natural Drying.
requirement:
a. Field has to be flat or slightly tilted and open.
b. Soil should be dry, Rocky and hard.
c. Drainage should be good, there should be no water pooled.
d. Field on the edge River or lake or the beach so that the wind.
e. Field form compounds.
f. the grass should be cleaned.
g. wood Stacks should be with the Foundation at least as high as 30 cm. h. Stacking wood should use stickers or tackling.
i. the distance between a bumper sticker or chock between 50-60 for hard wood soft wood to be extended again.
j. the size sticker or chock the 3-4 cm thick and 1.5-2.5 cm.

Way of stacking the wood.
1. The type of wood the same.
2. the same Thickness.
3. Length the same.
4. Moisture contentv the beginning of the same.
5. Sticker uniform, straight and thick.
6. Preparation of vertical stickers.
7. the sticker until the end of the Board.

Natural drying defects and Prevention:
1. rust and mildew.
Prevention: good drainage, accelerate drying, to avoid a buildup of meetings and use the stainless solution.
2. Because of the insect.
Prevention: with insecticides that is right.
3. the horizontal crack tip and Crack.
Prevention: the sticker until the ends of the boards and protection on the ends of the boards.
4. Cracked surface.
Prevention: slow down drying.
5. Crack prevention: honey kissing slow down drying and protection against dust.
6. Defects.
Prevention: the placement of stickers the straight, a good foundation and the use of clamps or a burden.

The purpose of drying the air.
1. To relieve wood in transportation.
2. For the preparation of air drying dryer kitchen due to lowering water levels of up to 20%.
3. for certain products such as fence building, outside etc.

The balance of the environment.
1. temperature range between 28-30 degrees Celsius.
2. Increase in wind speed 10 km/h is identical to decrease 10% moisture.
3. Relative humidity ranges between 20%-100%.
4. Rain.
5. Dust.

Speed of drying.
1. a thin Board to dry more quickly than thick boards.
2. The wood dry faster than gubal wood terrace.
3. Soft wood faster than wood hard.
4. Light wood dry faster than the heavy wood.
5. faster dry wide Planks than thick boards.
6. A pile of loose dried faster than a pile of neat.

Various defects of natural drying or air.
1. defects due to chemicals.
example: rust
2. defects due to Boletus.
example: Blue Stain, Mold
3. defects due to insects.
example: Termites, ground beetles.
4. Defects due to shrinkage.
example: cracking, breaking and spilling.
5. defective curved.
6.broken.

Kitchen dryer.
terms:
1. Indoor spaces.
2. Temperature, humidity and air circulation controlled completely.
Pros: 1. faster dry dryer Kitchen 1-2 weeks.
2. Moisture content obtained range between 8-12%.

Kitchen type dryer.
1. continuous Type.
Every day there are new wooden charge is entered and there is loads of wood that are often issued.
2. Type of non continuous.
The wood is often issued everything from kitchen dryer then entered the new wood.
The buildup of the kitchen wood dryer.
1. the wood must be the same Type.
2. Thick wood must be the same.
3. Length of wood must be the same.
4. Moisture content is the same.
5. Distinguish the wood and timber gubal terrace.

Drying defects in the kitchen of the dryer.
1. Cracked surface and the tip.
2. Broken end and broke the surface.
3. Curved.
4. Defective coloration.

The difference in natural dryers and dryer.
a. natural dryer Temperature 28-37 degrees Celsius while the kitchen drying 43-82 degrees Celsius.
b. moisture 20-100 degrees Celsius while the kitchen drying 86-100 degrees Celsius.
c. the final moisture content of 20% whereas the kitchen dryer 8-10%.
d. Control the end of sample drying while kitchen dryer drying schedule.

THE PROPERTIES OF THE WOOD

The properties of the WOOD 

Wood properties generally consists of 3 kinds:
1. Physical properties of wood.
Is the condition where determined by internal factors in the structure of the wood. These factors include: the large number of cell wall substances, arrangement and direction of mikrofibril in cells and tissues as well as the chemical composition of cell wall substances.
2. The mechanical properties of the wood.
 It is the ability of wood to hold the charge from the outside, the intent object that is outside of this style tend to change the shape and size of objects.
3. Chemical properties of the wood.
Is the chemical components of wood where each type of wood varies greatly depending on the type of wood.
Properties of non-mechanical wood include: 
moisture content of wood is the content of the water contained in wood expressed in weighty prosen of dry wood furnaces. Moisture content greatly influences on the process of wrinkle flower wood. Wood stated in case of inflates the addition of moisture content of wood, while the wood shrinking process in case of declared reduction of moisture content of the wood. is the content of the water contained in wood expressed in weighty prosen of dry wood furnaces. Moisture content greatly influences on the process of wrinkle flower wood. Wood stated in case of inflates the addition of moisture content of wood, while the wood shrinking process in case of declared reduction of moisture content of the wood.
Water in wood: 
wood Properties against water is sorbsi in addition to this wood have hygroscopic, consisting of:
a. Adsorbsi (absorb)
b. Desorbsi (yawn)
Great his little water is absorbed by the wood is affected by: 
a. the extent of the wood surface.
b. the temperature and humidity in the atmosphere.
c. air pressure in the air.
d. the chemical composition of the wood.
Of the four most important of these factors is the surface area of the wood.
The water in the wood is split into two: a. non-water (water that is contained in the cell cavities) b. bound Water (water that is found in the cell wall) wood moisture content Calculation Formula:
 Ka (%) = Wb-O x 100%
                    Wo
Description: Ka = water content.
WB = weight clean.
Wo = dry weight.
A tool to measure the moisture content of wood called: muisture metres.
 
Moisture content of wood can be divided into four kinds: 
 1. maximum moisture content.
The condition of the wood where the cell wall or cavity of the cell filled with water.
2. Water Levels balanced.
When a piece of wood placed at certain humidity then gradually will achieve a moisture content that is still called the moisture balance.
3. Moisture content.
Almost the same as the maximum moisture content of the wood, however, will never dry the According to condition.
4. Moisture balanced State.
Wood moisture content conditions that follow.
Moisture content of wood affects the wrinkle flower wood that is to say: the wood is said to be inflated in case of addition of water content, while said to be shrunk when wood moisture content decreased.
Wood has three directions: 
a. Radial (thickness): big depreciation schedule = 4-8%.
b. the Tangential (width): big depreciation schedule = 8-14%.
c. Longitudinal (length): big depreciation schedule = 0.1-0.2%.

To avoid the occurrence of wood shrinkage process is then used to do before drying the wood first.