The meaning of the drying of the wood.
The wood needs to be drained because if not dried properly, then first in discharging the wood dries and often occur unwanted defects like cracks, broken,curved etc.
The benefits of drying.
1. Reduce weight in transport.
2. Prevent attacks Boletus.
3. Do not shrink in usage.
4. The nature of gluing the better.
5. dry wood is physically stronger.
6. Connection that uses metal bolts or nails stronger.
7. Reduce electrical conductivity and heat.
8. better finishing Result.
9. Preparation for preserving wood.
Wood drying techniques.
1, natural Drying.
requirement:
a. Field has to be flat or slightly tilted and open.
b. Soil should be dry, Rocky and hard.
c. Drainage should be good, there should be no water pooled.
d. Field on the edge River or lake or the beach so that the wind.
e. Field form compounds.
f. the grass should be cleaned.
g. wood Stacks should be with the Foundation at least as high as 30 cm. h. Stacking wood should use stickers or tackling.
i. the distance between a bumper sticker or chock between 50-60 for hard wood soft wood to be extended again.
j. the size sticker or chock the 3-4 cm thick and 1.5-2.5 cm.
Way of stacking the wood.
1. The type of wood the same.
2. the same Thickness.
3. Length the same.
4. Moisture contentv the beginning of the same.
5. Sticker uniform, straight and thick.
6. Preparation of vertical stickers.
7. the sticker until the end of the Board.
Natural drying defects and Prevention:
1. rust and mildew.
Prevention: good drainage, accelerate drying, to avoid a buildup of meetings and use the stainless solution.
2. Because of the insect.
Prevention: with insecticides that is right.
3. the horizontal crack tip and Crack.
Prevention: the sticker until the ends of the boards and protection on the ends of the boards.
4. Cracked surface.
Prevention: slow down drying.
5. Crack prevention: honey kissing slow down drying and protection against dust.
6. Defects.
Prevention: the placement of stickers the straight, a good foundation and the use of clamps or a burden.
The purpose of drying the air.
1. To relieve wood in transportation.
2. For the preparation of air drying dryer kitchen due to lowering water levels of up to 20%.
3. for certain products such as fence building, outside etc.
The balance of the environment.
1. temperature range between 28-30 degrees Celsius.
2. Increase in wind speed 10 km/h is identical to decrease 10% moisture.
3. Relative humidity ranges between 20%-100%.
4. Rain.
5. Dust.
Speed of drying.
1. a thin Board to dry more quickly than thick boards.
2. The wood dry faster than gubal wood terrace.
3. Soft wood faster than wood hard.
4. Light wood dry faster than the heavy wood.
5. faster dry wide Planks than thick boards.
6. A pile of loose dried faster than a pile of neat.
Various defects of natural drying or air.
1. defects due to chemicals.
example: rust
2. defects due to Boletus.
example: Blue Stain, Mold
3. defects due to insects.
example: Termites, ground beetles.
4. Defects due to shrinkage.
example: cracking, breaking and spilling.
5. defective curved.
6.broken.
Kitchen dryer.
terms:
1. Indoor spaces.
2. Temperature, humidity and air circulation controlled completely.
Pros: 1. faster dry dryer Kitchen 1-2 weeks.
2. Moisture content obtained range between 8-12%.
Kitchen type dryer.
1. continuous Type.
Every day there are new wooden charge is entered and there is loads of wood that are often issued.
2. Type of non continuous.
The wood is often issued everything from kitchen dryer then entered the new wood.
The buildup of the kitchen wood dryer.
1. the wood must be the same Type.
2. Thick wood must be the same.
3. Length of wood must be the same.
4. Moisture content is the same.
5. Distinguish the wood and timber gubal terrace.
Drying defects in the kitchen of the dryer.
1. Cracked surface and the tip.
2. Broken end and broke the surface.
3. Curved.
4. Defective coloration.
The difference in natural dryers and dryer.
a. natural dryer Temperature 28-37 degrees Celsius while the kitchen drying 43-82 degrees Celsius.
b. moisture 20-100 degrees Celsius while the kitchen drying 86-100 degrees Celsius.
c. the final moisture content of 20% whereas the kitchen dryer 8-10%.
d. Control the end of sample drying while kitchen dryer drying schedule.
Kamis, 15 Oktober 2015
THE PROPERTIES OF THE WOOD
The properties of the WOOD
1. Physical properties of wood.
Is the condition where determined by internal factors in the structure of the wood. These factors include: the large number of cell wall substances, arrangement and direction of mikrofibril in cells and tissues as well as the chemical composition of cell wall substances.
2. The mechanical properties of the wood.
It is the ability of wood to hold the charge from the outside, the intent object that is outside of this style tend to change the shape and size of objects.
3. Chemical properties of the wood.
Is the chemical components of wood where each type of wood varies greatly depending on the type of wood.
Properties of non-mechanical wood include:
moisture content of wood is the content of the water contained in wood expressed in weighty prosen of dry wood furnaces. Moisture content greatly influences on the process of wrinkle flower wood. Wood stated in case of inflates the addition of moisture content of wood, while the wood shrinking process in case of declared reduction of moisture content of the wood. is the content of the water contained in wood expressed in weighty prosen of dry wood furnaces. Moisture content greatly influences on the process of wrinkle flower wood. Wood stated in case of inflates the addition of moisture content of wood, while the wood shrinking process in case of declared reduction of moisture content of the wood.
Water in wood:
wood Properties against water is sorbsi in addition to this wood have hygroscopic, consisting of:
a. Adsorbsi (absorb)
b. Desorbsi (yawn)
Great his little water is absorbed by the wood is affected by:
a. the extent of the wood surface.
b. the temperature and humidity in the atmosphere.
c. air pressure in the air.
d. the chemical composition of the wood.
Of the four most important of these factors is the surface area of the wood.
The water in the wood is split into two: a. non-water (water that is contained in the cell cavities) b. bound Water (water that is found in the cell wall) wood moisture content Calculation Formula:
Ka (%) = Wb-O x 100%
Wo
Description: Ka = water content.
WB = weight clean.
Wo = dry weight.
A tool to measure the moisture content of wood called: muisture metres.
Moisture content of wood can be divided into four kinds:
1. maximum moisture content.
The condition of the wood where the cell wall or cavity of the cell filled with water.
2. Water Levels balanced.
When a piece of wood placed at certain humidity then gradually will achieve a moisture content that is still called the moisture balance.
3. Moisture content.
Almost the same as the maximum moisture content of the wood, however, will never dry the According to condition.
4. Moisture balanced State.
Wood moisture content conditions that follow.
Moisture content of wood affects the wrinkle flower wood that is to say: the wood is said to be inflated in case of addition of water content, while said to be shrunk when wood moisture content decreased.
Wood has three directions:
a. Radial (thickness): big depreciation schedule = 4-8%.
b. the Tangential (width): big depreciation schedule = 8-14%.
c. Longitudinal (length): big depreciation schedule = 0.1-0.2%.
To avoid the occurrence of wood shrinkage process is then used to do before drying the wood first.
Rabu, 19 Agustus 2015
THE MEANING OF WOOD
The wood is part of the plants in the form of the trees obtained from forest or natural results that can be utilized and processed in accordance with the advancement of technology.
Wood consists of four principal elements, namely Sellulose, Lignin, a substance ekstratif and minerals-mineral ash makers.
1. Sellulose is the greatest on wood, i.e. more or less 70% of the weight of the wood.
Sellulose consists of Hollosellulose, Hemisellulose and Alphasellulose.
Alphasellulose is the base material of the main manufacture of paper, plastic and
textiles.
2. Lignin is part of wood forming approximately 18-28% of the weight of the wood.
This serves as a fastener lignin units of wooden structures which provide firmness
wood.
3. Extractive substances, wood Shaper is a component that provides properties such as
color, aroma, taste and durability.
Ash forming minerals.
If the wood is burned, sellulose and lignin can be burned out so ash forming minerals is lagging and weighs approximately 0.2 to 1% of the weight of the wood.
Parts of the wood.
1. Skin
2. Kambium
3. Wood gubal
4. Wooden terrace
5. Hearts
1. Skin.
the outer part is made of wood that functions as the protector of the parts of the wood against the influence of the nature of destroyers. In addition it is also the way the spread of food from the roots to the leaves and the whole piece of wood.
2. Kambium.
is a thin layer of wood that circle that serves as the growth of new skin-forming materials, namely that replaces the damaged/dead skin which is mostly out, whereas the nature of them functioning as a shaper of young/new wood with the wood can grow this kambium great.
3. Wood gubal.is part of the wood which is still alive and functioning as a retailer of food substances of the leaf throughout parts of the tree. Thick wood gubal between 2-5 cm, the color pink, soft and not durable in usage.
4. Wood terrace.
It is part of the wood which consists of dead cells that are derived from wood gubal and doesn't work anymore. Wood coloured older terrace and more durable in usage compared to wood gubal.
5. The liver.
It is part of the wood is at, part comes from the start, wood was first formed by kambium, whereas nature is very fragile.
Terms in the field of timber.
In the field of timber we know terms like: fiber, the fiber Pattern, texture, the pores of the wood, the RADIUS and circle of the year.
a. Fiber.
Is the direction of the order of the cells of the wood. The fibers can be straight, wavy, and it can be twisted. How to know the wood fiber so that it seems clear by means of colored liquid dribbled on the surface of the wood, then the furrows formed due to the liquid that's colored showed wood fiber.
b. Patterns fiber.
the picture is formed on the surface of the wood because of the fibers of the wood. Wooden plank fiber pattern depends on how sawing wood dolok.
c. Texture.
There are an assortment of wood texture coarse, medium and fine. This depends on the relative size of wood-wood. If the wood has large cells then their texture will be harsh, and if the wood is small then the texture of their cells will be smooth.
d. the pores.
The term of the pores is actually the xylem cells that serve as the ingredient supplier materials, if truncated transverse Rod will give the impression of small holes, that's called pores.
e. wooden fingers.
Is the network radial or wood tissue formed by the arrangement of cells in the radial, the meaning is from the outside to the Center.
f. the circle of the year.
The stack is a circle circle around the axis of the stem, consisting of parts that are lighter colored rift while the darker colour is dense in Alternately. Circle this year formed within one year.
Classification Of Wood.
Wood generally divided into two types, namely: hardwood and soft wood.
The characteristics of soft wood.
a. narrow Daunya/small.
b. wooden Color light.
c. his BD.
d. Not durable in usage.
The characteristics of hardwood.
a. Daunya wide.
b. the colour is darker.
c. BD high.
d. Durable in usage.
Based on the weight of the wood type wooden class then can be classified as follows:
a. The very heavy, his BD > 0.90.
b. The weight, his BD between 0.75-0.90.
c. The medium, his BD between 0.60-0.75.
d. The light, his BD less than 0.60.
Examples of very heavy wood : Breaking loose, Ulin.
Example of heavy timber : Lime, Kulim.
Examples are wood : Teak, Rosewood.
Example light wood : Pine, Sengon, Suren, Balsa.
Based on the class of durability of wood are classified into:
a. Grade durable i: Oboni, rosewood, sapodilla and ulin.
b. durable Class II: sandalwood, rengkas and weru.
c. durable Class I-II: Johar, teak and merbahu.
d. durable Class III: Keruing, mahogany and sungkai.
e. durable Class II-III: nyatoh and FIR, Lime.
f. durable Class I-III: wood Bengkirai.
g. durable Class IV: pine, Ramin and Trembesi.
h. durable Class III-IV: Meranti.
i. durable Class V: Balsa, Randu pedestal and ylang.
j. durable Class IV-V: Sengon and frankincense.
Based on the hardness of the wood are classified into:
a. Wood very hard: Giam, Ulin and breaking loose.
b. hardwoods: Kulim, lime and Sonokeling Wood c. were: Red meranti and Teak.
d. soft wood: pine, sengon, suren and Balsa.
Set the hardness of the wood can be in the following way:
The wood is cut transversely (transverse fiber), then the perceived impression of their campaign and observed the resulting piece of shiny surfaces, then the wood including hardwood. If the impression of small opposition, meaning easy to cut, as well as the resulting piece of rough areas, then the wood is soft.
Wood consists of four principal elements, namely Sellulose, Lignin, a substance ekstratif and minerals-mineral ash makers.
1. Sellulose is the greatest on wood, i.e. more or less 70% of the weight of the wood.
Sellulose consists of Hollosellulose, Hemisellulose and Alphasellulose.
Alphasellulose is the base material of the main manufacture of paper, plastic and
textiles.
2. Lignin is part of wood forming approximately 18-28% of the weight of the wood.
This serves as a fastener lignin units of wooden structures which provide firmness
wood.
3. Extractive substances, wood Shaper is a component that provides properties such as
color, aroma, taste and durability.
Ash forming minerals.
If the wood is burned, sellulose and lignin can be burned out so ash forming minerals is lagging and weighs approximately 0.2 to 1% of the weight of the wood.
Parts of the wood.
1. Skin
2. Kambium
3. Wood gubal
4. Wooden terrace
5. Hearts
1. Skin.
the outer part is made of wood that functions as the protector of the parts of the wood against the influence of the nature of destroyers. In addition it is also the way the spread of food from the roots to the leaves and the whole piece of wood.
2. Kambium.
is a thin layer of wood that circle that serves as the growth of new skin-forming materials, namely that replaces the damaged/dead skin which is mostly out, whereas the nature of them functioning as a shaper of young/new wood with the wood can grow this kambium great.
3. Wood gubal.is part of the wood which is still alive and functioning as a retailer of food substances of the leaf throughout parts of the tree. Thick wood gubal between 2-5 cm, the color pink, soft and not durable in usage.
4. Wood terrace.
It is part of the wood which consists of dead cells that are derived from wood gubal and doesn't work anymore. Wood coloured older terrace and more durable in usage compared to wood gubal.
5. The liver.
It is part of the wood is at, part comes from the start, wood was first formed by kambium, whereas nature is very fragile.
Terms in the field of timber.
In the field of timber we know terms like: fiber, the fiber Pattern, texture, the pores of the wood, the RADIUS and circle of the year.
a. Fiber.
Is the direction of the order of the cells of the wood. The fibers can be straight, wavy, and it can be twisted. How to know the wood fiber so that it seems clear by means of colored liquid dribbled on the surface of the wood, then the furrows formed due to the liquid that's colored showed wood fiber.
b. Patterns fiber.
the picture is formed on the surface of the wood because of the fibers of the wood. Wooden plank fiber pattern depends on how sawing wood dolok.
c. Texture.
There are an assortment of wood texture coarse, medium and fine. This depends on the relative size of wood-wood. If the wood has large cells then their texture will be harsh, and if the wood is small then the texture of their cells will be smooth.
d. the pores.
The term of the pores is actually the xylem cells that serve as the ingredient supplier materials, if truncated transverse Rod will give the impression of small holes, that's called pores.
e. wooden fingers.
Is the network radial or wood tissue formed by the arrangement of cells in the radial, the meaning is from the outside to the Center.
f. the circle of the year.
The stack is a circle circle around the axis of the stem, consisting of parts that are lighter colored rift while the darker colour is dense in Alternately. Circle this year formed within one year.
Classification Of Wood.
Wood generally divided into two types, namely: hardwood and soft wood.
The characteristics of soft wood.
a. narrow Daunya/small.
b. wooden Color light.
c. his BD.
d. Not durable in usage.
The characteristics of hardwood.
a. Daunya wide.
b. the colour is darker.
c. BD high.
d. Durable in usage.
Based on the weight of the wood type wooden class then can be classified as follows:
a. The very heavy, his BD > 0.90.
b. The weight, his BD between 0.75-0.90.
c. The medium, his BD between 0.60-0.75.
d. The light, his BD less than 0.60.
Examples of very heavy wood : Breaking loose, Ulin.
Example of heavy timber : Lime, Kulim.
Examples are wood : Teak, Rosewood.
Example light wood : Pine, Sengon, Suren, Balsa.
Based on the class of durability of wood are classified into:
a. Grade durable i: Oboni, rosewood, sapodilla and ulin.
b. durable Class II: sandalwood, rengkas and weru.
c. durable Class I-II: Johar, teak and merbahu.
d. durable Class III: Keruing, mahogany and sungkai.
e. durable Class II-III: nyatoh and FIR, Lime.
f. durable Class I-III: wood Bengkirai.
g. durable Class IV: pine, Ramin and Trembesi.
h. durable Class III-IV: Meranti.
i. durable Class V: Balsa, Randu pedestal and ylang.
j. durable Class IV-V: Sengon and frankincense.
Based on the hardness of the wood are classified into:
a. Wood very hard: Giam, Ulin and breaking loose.
b. hardwoods: Kulim, lime and Sonokeling Wood c. were: Red meranti and Teak.
d. soft wood: pine, sengon, suren and Balsa.
Set the hardness of the wood can be in the following way:
The wood is cut transversely (transverse fiber), then the perceived impression of their campaign and observed the resulting piece of shiny surfaces, then the wood including hardwood. If the impression of small opposition, meaning easy to cut, as well as the resulting piece of rough areas, then the wood is soft.